Emmy Noether Group: The formation and evolution of starburst clusters

Argelander Institut für Astronomie, University of Bonn





The group acknowledges funding by the German Science Foundation's Emmy Noether programme.


Dr. Andrea Stolte (PI)


PhD Students

Maryam Habibi

Benjamin Hußmann

Science Aims

One of the most heavily debated, and extensively used, universal quantities in astrophysics is the initial stellar mass function (IMF). The IMF describes the relative numbers of high- vs. low-mass stars in any given star-forming region. Any stellar population observed today is a direct result of the IMF during its formation and the subsequent evolutionary history of the stellar population. In the solar neighbourhood, the IMF is surprisingly universal. Such universality is unexpected given that gaseous and stellar densities, pre-stellar core temperatures, and magnetic fields in molecular clouds vary significantly. One reason for this apparent similarity in the local stellar mass spectrum may originate from the similar conditions of star-forming clouds in the solar environment. However, this environment is not characteristic for the extreme starburst regions in external galaxies, in galactic nuclei, and in dense stellar clusters. The closest environments where stars form under enhanced temperatures, gas densities, and possibly magnetic pressures are provided in Milky Way starburst clusters. At the present epoch, these young, massive star clusters harbour 10,000 solar masses in stars or more, and are formed in rare numbers in the Milky Way's spiral arms and near the center of the Galaxy. The Emmy Noether group at the Argelander Institute for Astronomy in Bonn studies resolved starburst clusters in the Milky Way to answer the universal question as to whether their initial stellar mass functions are similar to or deviate from the IMF in the solar neighbourhood. The expected results provide the basis to understand the multitude of massive, unresolved extragalactic starburst clusters, where the massive stars contribute the majority of the light, while the total mass may be dominated by the low-mass stellar content in each cluster.

The most puzzling questions in star cluster formation

Despite several decades of young star-cluster research, some of the most basic characteristics of young, massive star clusters are still unknown:

  • What is the difference between a starburst cluster environment and a low-mass star-forming region?
  • Is the initial stellar mass function universal?
  • How do the short dynamical timescales in the dense environments of starburst clusters influence the stellar and cluster evolution?
  • Clusters2D - The Milky way starburst cluster survey

    Survey collaboration

    Emmy Noether Group, Argelander Inistut für Astronomie, University of Bonn

    Star Formation Group, Max-Planck-Institut for Astronomy

    Science goals of the survey

    With the aim to understand the environmental effects on star cluster formation, a sample of massive star clusters has to be observed and analysed uniformly. The Milky Way provides a small sample of six young, massive clusters securely classified as starbursts with cluster masses in excess of 10,000 solar masses. In this sample, the Arches and Quintuplet clusters located near the center of the Milky Way span ages of 2.5 to 4.5 Myr, and the two spiral arm clusters NGC 3603 and Westerlund 1 cover ages of 2 to 4 Myr. Due to their similar age ranges, these four clusters are ideally suited to probe the differences in cluster evolution between spiral arms and the Galactic center star-forming environment.

  • Starburst cluster characteristics
  • Dynamical evolution of starburst clusters
  • Effects of the environment on cluster evolution
  • Methods

  • Proper motion membership

  • Spectral classification

  • © Andrea Stolte -- July 2009