Material for the Royal Astronomical Society press release RAS PR 12/36
25 April 2012

Do the Milky Way's companions spell trouble for dark matter?

The original RAS press release can be found here: http://www.ras.org.uk/news-and-press/219-news-2012/2118-do-the-milky-ways-companions-spell-trouble-for-dark-matter

The release is based on the paper "The VPOS: a vast polar structure of satellite galaxies, globular clusters and streams around the Milky Way" , accepted for publication in MNRAS.

Pictures:

Two optical images of pairs of interacting galaxies, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. The discs of the two galaxies are oriented almost perpendicular to each other (see first image). After the collision, material stripped from one galaxy orbits around the other (see second image). Stars, star clusters and tidal dwarf galaxies form in these tidal debris. Our home, the Milky Way galaxy, must have experienced a similar interaction about 10 billion years ago. The distribution of its satellite galaxies and younger globular clusters in a vast polar structure (see video) would be explained if they formed from such debris.

Image 1 (VV 340) - Two perpendicular galaxies going to collide:

Hubble Interacting Galaxy UGC 9618

Source: Hubblesite.org

Credit: NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, and A. Evans (University of Virginia, Charlottesville/NRAO/Stony Brook University)

Different sizes and original caption available at the HubbleSite.

Image 2 (Arp 87) - A galaxy gets torn apart in a collision:

Interacting Galaxy Pair Arp 87

Source: Hubblesite.org

Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)

Different sizes and original caption available at the HubbleSite.

Video:

The Vast Polar Structure around the Milky Way

Description:

Animated version of Figure 5 in Pawlowski et al. (2012):

The vast polar structure -- VPOS -- about the MW in Cartesian coordinates. The movie rotates the view over 360 degree, adding different objects around the Milky Way galaxy. One kpc (a common length-scale in astronomy) is 1000 parsec, with one parsec being 3.26 light years. The y-axis points towards the Galactic north pole. The 11 classical satellites are shown as yellow dots, the 13 new satellites are represented by the smaller green dots, young halo globular clusters are plotted as blue squares. The red curves connect the anchor points of streams of stars and gas, the (light-red) shaded regions illustrating the planes defined by these and the Galactic centre. Note that the stream coordinates are magnified by a factor of 3 to ease the comparison. The obscuration-region 10 degree around the Milky Way disc is given by the horizontal grey areas. In the centre, the Milky Way disc orientation (edge-on) is shown by a short horizontal cyan line. One can clearly see when the view is edge-on to the VPOS: The extend of all types of objects becomes minimal, also the streams align preferentially with this structure. From standard dark matter cosmology, a much more spheroidal distribution of objects around the Milky Way is expected. We therefore propose the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way to be Tidal Dwarf Galaxies.

REFERENCE: M. S. Pawlowski, J. Pflamm-Altenburg, P. Kroupa: "The VPOS: a vast polar structure of satellite galaxies, globular clusters and streams around the Milky Way", MNRAS, 2012

Credit: Marcel S. Pawlowski, University of Bonn

YouTube link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUwxv-WGfHM

Download: VPOS.m4v (7 MB)


Contact / Links

See the original press release for full contact information.

Marcel S. Pawlowski

PhD student of astronomy in Bonn. Member of the Bonn-Cologne Graduate School of Physics and Astronomy

Email: mpawlow@astro.uni-bonn.de
Institute website: http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~mpawlow/
Personal website: http://marcelpawlowski.com
Science blog (with Prof. Pavel Kroupa): The Dark Matter Crisis - http://www.scilogs.eu/en/blog/the-dark-matter-crisis
Twitter: @8minutesold